Electrocardiogram The ECG shows the electrophysiological process of the heartbeat. The different waves in the heartbeat are labeled P, Q, R, S, and T. P wave: This shows atrial depolarization, meaning the electrical activity that triggers the contraction of the atria (the upper chambers of the heart). QRS complex: This…
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Recommended anesthesia models Be careful to ensure that patients are fasting, receive prescribed premedication, correct other regular medication and correct antibiotic prophylaxis. Check regular pain relief and plan for continued adequate postoperative pain relief. Deviations from the form of anesthesia or premedication are made individually based on medical indication, e.g.…
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Checklist OverviewWhat are the current intensive care issues?Evaluation of interventions performed during the care processAnamnesisBackgroundOngoing and past health problems relevant to intensive care?Patient’s prior level of functionSTATUSRespirationLungsVentilator settingsBlood gasesIntubation, weaning, extubation, tracheostomyRespiratory care – interventions?Pleural drainage?CirculationVasoactive and inotropic drugsNeed for extended monitoring?PiCCO?Fluid status, fluid therapyCoagulationThromboprophylaxisAbdominal pressure measurementNeurologyLevel of consciousness?Ongoing sedation?Pain?Sleep?Delirium…
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Plasmapheresis is a treatment method that removes venous whole blood and returns everything except the plasma. It does not normally remove fluid. The plasma is replaced with donor plasma or an albumin solution, usually albumin. Antibodies, immune complexes, and pathological proteins are removed. It is used in TTP/HUS, SLE, Wegener’s…
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Scalp block Blockade of individual nerves to the scalp, as opposed to infiltration in the incision line Described originally in 1986 as “scalp block” for use in awake craniotomy Why? Historically post craniotomy pain has been undertreated Better analgesia than infiltration, with lower doses Enhances analgesia without the sedating properties…
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Acute intoxication Acute alcohol intoxication is the most common of all poisonings, with thousands of cases occurring every month. Ordinary alcohol intoxication gradually progresses into alcohol poisoning without a specific threshold. About 5% of all adult men and 2% of women are alcohol-dependent. Approximately 300,000 people are estimated to have…
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Midline This catheter is 20 or 25 cm long. A midline catheter is inserted under ultrasound guidance and percutaneously through a vein in the upper arm, typically the basilic vein. These catheters are intended for both short- and medium-term use, 1-3 weeks. They can often replace a CVC for venous…
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Hypothermia Cooling in an environment with low ambient temperature and/or prolonged exposure where we cannot protect ourselves or produce enough heat to maintain a core temperature of 37°C leads to hypothermia. The medical definition of accidental hypothermia is a body temperature of 35°C or lower. Cold injuries include general cooling…
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Checklist and Instructions – Pre-Anesthesia Check-in In emergency procedures, it is possible to only read the so-called "Red Points," which outline the essential items that must be reviewed even in urgent situations. All items are reviewed once the situation is under control. For minor procedures under local anesthesia, endoscopies, and…
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Acute Liver Failure Acute liver failure is defined as progressive liver disease with encephalopathy and INR > 1.5 in a person without previously known liver disease. In the following text, the English abbreviation ALF (Acute Liver Failure) is used. The condition is characterized by rapid deterioration of the liver's synthetic…
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