Status epilepticus - Treatment This document reflects current procedures for the treatment of status epilepticus and includes recommendations regarding intensive care. Background and definition Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition involving abnormally prolonged or frequently recurring seizures, which in some cases pose a risk of long-term effects.1 The overall mortality…
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Adults Effective circulation is fundamental in the care of critically ill patients. Cardiac arrest or cardiovascular collapse with insufficient circulation is common in emergency medicine and intensive care. Having a pre-planned strategy and access to relevant emergency equipment is essential for quickly and effectively managing cardiac arrest. When…
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Cannabis It is estimated that 147 million people worldwide use cannabis. It appears to be most common in New Zealand, Australia, and the USA. Cannabis is also widely used in Europe, where 14.6 million, or 11.2 percent of all young adults (ages 15–34), have used cannabis at some point in…
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Marine Toxicology Weever Stings and Other Poisonous Fish A large number of fish, mollusks, anemones, and other marine organisms can cause toxic reactions upon contact with humans. Of the approximately 27,000 known species in the ocean, about 1,700 are considered more or less poisonous. This number exceeds the combined number…
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Management of Patients with Acute Poisoning Most poisonings are self-inflicted, but not all. Acute poisoning can be caused by medications and drugs, but also by gases, chemicals, mushrooms, and other types of biological toxins. An initial assessment should try to determine whether the poisoning is intentional or accidental and whether…
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Common Parenteral Medications for Children Dosage of Infusions for Children Calculate Correct Medicine Doses Enter the child's weight to get recommended anesthetic drug doses. Go to the calculator here. Max Doses of Local Anesthetics for Children Lidocaine: 5 mg/kg Lidocaine + adrenaline: 7 mg/kg Ropivacaine: 2-3 mg/kg Mepivacaine: 5 mg/kg…
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Premedication for children. Sedation of children. There are a variety of medications used in premedication for children to achieve analgesia and anxiolysis. The main principle is that these medications should be pain-relieving and relaxing. The general preoperative care of children with parents is essential to gain the trust of the…
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Classification of Urgency for Caesarean Section Category 1 – Immediate (Crash C-section / Emergency call) Immediate threat to the life of the baby and/or the mother. Category 2 – Urgent Caesarean Section Threat to the life of the baby or the mother. The baby should be delivered within 20–30 minutes.…
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Neuromuscular Blockade Muscle-relaxing drugs provide neuromuscular blockade by acting at the neuromuscular junction in striated muscles, which control muscle strength and respiration. Muscle relaxants are used to facilitate surgery, particularly in general surgery such as laparoscopic surgery, abdominal surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, or other surgeries where it is…
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Basic Airway Management, Intubation, and Anesthesia Equipment A free airway is fundamental in all emergency medical activities when caring for critically ill patients. Oxygen deficiency due to a blocked airway is the single most important anesthesia-related cause of serious injury or perioperative death. This situation often arises with a patient…
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